ABSTRACT The search for bioherbicides has been encouraged, and plants used in food or with bioactivity have been studied. Therefore, this article aimed to investigate the bioherbicidal potential of essential oils from Psidium cauliflorum and P. acidum through a plant toxicity bioassay using Lactuca sativa and Sorghum bicolor. The seeds were treated with essential oils of both species, along with control groups treated with distilled water, dichloromethane, and glyphosate. Germination percentage (GP), germination speed index (GSI), root growth (RG), shoot length (SL), mitotic index (MI), chromosomal alterations (CA), and nuclear alterations (NA) were evaluated. The major compound of the essential oil of P. cauliflorum was α-pinene, and of P. acidum were trans-caryophyllene, β-elemene, germacrene A, and α-copaene. The essential oils from both species exhibited phytotoxic effects. P. acidum oil inhibited sorghum RG and lettuce SL, while P. cauliflorum oil reduced GP, GSI, RG, and SL in both plants, indicating higher phytotoxicity than P. acidum and non-selective behavior. Cytotoxic investigations showed that both oils inhibited the MI. CA analysis revealed that P. cauliflorum oil exhibited aneugenic and clastogenic action mechanisms. The results demonstrate the bioherbicidal potential of P. cauliflorum essential oil, in addition to being non-selective and displaying a similar inhibition rate to glyphosate.

RESUMO O trabalho objetiva historicizar o modo como o Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (PNI) vem significando conhecimentos de/sobre Educação Ambiental (EA) e, simultaneamente, constituindo sujeitos que “devem” educar e ser ambientalmente educados. Ele foi produzido no Grupo de Estudos em História do Currículo, coletivo de pesquisa que se desenvolve no Núcleo de Estudos de Currículo da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (NEC/UFRJ), articulando investigações interessadas em operar com a História do Currículo como História do Presente. Nossa opção pelo PNI refere-se ao fato de que este foi o primeiro espaço que se constituiu como Parque Nacional no Brasil criando um ‘modelo’ de visitação que articula, por meio de processos alquímicos, os conhecimentos de EA a serem ensinados e os variados sujeitos a quem se destinam tais conhecimentos. Em diálogo com Michel Foucault e Thomas Popkewitz, focalizamos a constituição histórica dos sujeitos visitantes a quem vieram se destinando as ações formativas do Parque para, em seguida, evidenciar como os conhecimentos de EA produzidos em tais ações vieram sendo alquimicamente transformados em meio a uma lógica que, historicamente, veio constituindo aquilo que nomeamos ‘escolar’ em estreito diálogo com os processos de disciplinarização que vieram organizando o tempo e o espaço dessa instituição. Nesse processo, destacamos o quanto os limites entre as duas instituições vieram sendo ‘borrados’, o que permitiu instaurar um entrelugar de sujeitos/visitantes/estudantes em meio a um conhecimento de EA disciplinarizado.

ABSTRACT The aim of this work is to historicize the way in which the Itatiaia National Park (PNI) has signified knowledge of Environmental Education (EE) and, simultaneously, constituted subjects that “must” educate and be environmentally educated. It was produced by the Curriculum History Study Group, a research collective at the Nucleus of Curriculum Studies at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (NEC/UFRJ), articulating investigations interested in operating with Curriculum History as History of the Present. The PNI was selected because it was the first space that was designated as a National Park in Brazil, creating a visitation “model” that articulates, through alchemical processes, the EE knowledge that is to be taught and the different subjects for whom this knowledge is intended. In dialogue with Michel Foucault and Thomas Popkewitz, we focus on the historical constitution of the visiting subjects for whom the park’s formative actions were taken. We then show how the EE knowledge produced through these actions came to be alchemically transformed in the midst of a logic that has historically constituted what we call “school”, in close dialogue with the processes of disciplinarization that have organized the time and space of this institution. In this process, we highlight how the boundaries between the two institutions have been “blurred”, allowing us to establish an in-between place of subjects/visitors/students amid disciplined EE knowledge.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a frequência de problemas com o sono e os fatores associados, analisando dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, realizado em 2013 no Brasil. Os problemas com o sono foram avaliados com a pergunta “Nas duas últimas semanas, com que frequência o(a) sr(a) teve problemas no sono, como dificuldade para adormecer, acordar frequentemente à noite ou dormir mais do que de costume?”, as respostas foram agrupadas em: nenhum dia, menos da metade dos dias e mais da metade dos dias. Dos indivíduos avaliados, 71,1% relataram não ter problemas com o sono em nenhum dia, 14,0% em pelo menos metade dos dias e 14,9% em mais da metade dos dias. As maiores frequências de problemas com o sono foram relatadas pelas mulheres e com o aumento da idade. Para homens e mulheres, tabagismo, consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, inatividade física, comportamento sedentário e hipertensão arterial apresentaram associação significativa com a frequência de problemas com o sono em mais da metade dos dias, e o excesso de peso para as mulheres. Assim, foi elevada a frequência de problemas com o sono na população brasileira. Mulheres, indivíduos mais velhos, com comportamentos de risco relacionados ao estilo de vida, hipertensão arterial e excesso de peso corporal foram os subgrupos em maior risco.

Abstract The scope of this study was to estimate the frequency of sleep-related problems and associated factors. It was a study based on data from the National Health Survey conducted in Brazil in 2013. Sleep-related problems were assessed with the question “How often have you had sleep problems in the last two weeks, such as difficulty falling asleep, waking up frequently during the night or sleeping more than usual?” The answers were grouped into: none of the days, less than half of the days and more than half of the days. Of the individuals evaluated, 71.1% reported having no problems with sleep on any day, 14.0% on at least half of the days and 14.9% on more than half of the days. The highest frequencies of sleep-related problems were reported by women and more advanced age. For men and women, smoking, alcohol abuse, physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, and high blood pressure were significantly associated with the frequency of sleep problems on more than half of the days, and also excess weight for women. Thus, the frequency of sleep-related problems in the Brazilian population was high. Women, older individuals with lifestyle-related risk behaviors, high blood pressure, and overweight were the highest risk subgroups.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a frequência de problemas com o sono e os fatores associados, analisando dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, realizado em 2013 no Brasil. Os problemas com o sono foram avaliados com a pergunta “Nas duas últimas semanas, com que frequência o(a) sr(a) teve problemas no sono, como dificuldade para adormecer, acordar frequentemente à noite ou dormir mais do que de costume?”, as respostas foram agrupadas em: nenhum dia, menos da metade dos dias e mais da metade dos dias. Dos indivíduos avaliados, 71,1% relataram não ter problemas com o sono em nenhum dia, 14,0% em pelo menos metade dos dias e 14,9% em mais da metade dos dias. As maiores frequências de problemas com o sono foram relatadas pelas mulheres e com o aumento da idade. Para homens e mulheres, tabagismo, consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, inatividade física, comportamento sedentário e hipertensão arterial apresentaram associação significativa com a frequência de problemas com o sono em mais da metade dos dias, e o excesso de peso para as mulheres. Assim, foi elevada a frequência de problemas com o sono na população brasileira. Mulheres, indivíduos mais velhos, com comportamentos de risco relacionados ao estilo de vida, hipertensão arterial e excesso de peso corporal foram os subgrupos em maior risco.

Abstract The scope of this study was to estimate the frequency of sleep-related problems and associated factors. It was a study based on data from the National Health Survey conducted in Brazil in 2013. Sleep-related problems were assessed with the question “How often have you had sleep problems in the last two weeks, such as difficulty falling asleep, waking up frequently during the night or sleeping more than usual?” The answers were grouped into: none of the days, less than half of the days and more than half of the days. Of the individuals evaluated, 71.1% reported having no problems with sleep on any day, 14.0% on at least half of the days and 14.9% on more than half of the days. The highest frequencies of sleep-related problems were reported by women and more advanced age. For men and women, smoking, alcohol abuse, physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, and high blood pressure were significantly associated with the frequency of sleep problems on more than half of the days, and also excess weight for women. Thus, the frequency of sleep-related problems in the Brazilian population was high. Women, older individuals with lifestyle-related risk behaviors, high blood pressure, and overweight were the highest risk subgroups.

Resumo Investigar a diversidade genética em populações naturais de espécies com potencial para uso em programas de reflorestamento é um passo importante para a tomada de decisões relacionadas ao planejamento e manejo dos plantios. No entanto, programas de reflorestamento com espécies nativas no Brasil raramente são realizados com base no conhecimento do genótipo das matrizes doadoras das sementes utilizadas para produção de mudas. Este é o caso de Myrsine umbellata, um arbusto dioico pertencente à família Primulaceae, que vem sendo utilizado em programas de reflorestamento no Brasil principalmente por apresentar elevada capacidade de produção de frutos atrativos à avifauna. O objetivo deste estudo foi mensurar a diversidade genética intra e interpopulacional em populações naturais de M. umbellata em seis remanescentes florestais da Floresta Atlântica, utilizando marcadores ISSR. Os resultados revelaram que a diversidade genética intrapopulacional foi maior que a diversidade genética entre as populações estudadas. Por essa razão, o cultivo de mudas a partir de sementes obtidas em mais de uma população parece ser a estratégia mais apropriada para reflorestamento. Mesmo considerando que as populações mais isoladas são aquelas mais estruturadas, todas as populações de M. umbellata incluídas neste estudo revelaram ser importantes bancos de germoplasma conservados in situ.

Abstract The investigation of genetic diversity in natural populations of species that show potential for use in reforestation programs is a key step in making management decisions. However, reforestation programs with native species in Brazil are still rarely based on a genetic understanding of the seed matrices used for seedling production. This is also the case for Myrsine umbellata, a dioecious shrub within the family Primulaceae that has been used in reforestation programs in Brazil, mainly due to its high production capacity of fruits attractive to the avifauna. The goal of this study was to measure intra- and interpopulational genetic diversity in natural populations of M. umbellata in six forest remnants of the Atlantic Forest using ISSR markers. The results revealed that the intrapopulational genetic diversity was greater than the genetic diversity among the studied populations. For this reason, the cultivation of seedlings from seeds obtained in more than one population seems the most appropriate strategy for reforestation purposes. Even though the most isolated populations are also the ones with highest genetic structure, all populations of M. umbellata included in this study revealed to be an important germplasm bank conserved in situ.

The analysis of volatiles is an alternative in the routine of quality control of fruits, since the volatile metabolites can change in the presence of microorganisms. A well-established method for extracting volatiles is the solid phase microextraction (SPME). This work aims to define some parameters (fiber coating, conditioning time and fiber exposure time) for an effective extraction. Whole papaya was inserted into a hermetically closed glass bottle and the system was left in conditioning for the volatiles accumulation. Then, extraction by SPME and subsequent desorption in a gas chromatograph was performed. Two fibers were evaluated: a 100 µm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and a 65 µm polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB). The PDMS/DVB fiber extracted the highest number of volatiles. Central composite design (CCD) was performed to assess the effect of papaya conditioning time and the fiber exposure time on the response: number of detectable peaks. Both variables studied and their interactions were significant for the response. ANOVA showed that the quadratic terms and the lack of fit were not significant (p <0.05). A conditioning time of 10 min and exposure time of 30 min was sufficient for the detection of more than 100 compounds.

Resumo Euterpe edulis, uma palmeira ameaçada de extinção da Mata Atlântica, tem importância ecológica e econômica pelo uso da polpa dos frutos. A identificação de matrizes geneticamente divergentes nas populações é útil para a conservação e o melhoramento da espécie. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se estimar a diversidade genética de plantas divergentes morfologicamente que possam ser utilizadas como matrizes, e de suas famílias de progênies em uma área manejada e em áreas de populações naturais da espécie no estado do Espírito Santo. Foram avaliadas 21 matrizes, das quais 13 obtidas em área manejada para a exploração sustentável dos frutos (anteriormente avaliadas quanto a caracteres de frutos) e oito oriundas de populações naturais no estado do Espírito Santo. Para cada matriz avaliou-se 10 progênies, constituindo 21 famílias. A partir de genotipagem por marcadores microssatélites, a caracterização das plantas matrizes e suas progênies foi realizada pelas heterozigosidades observada (Ho) e esperada (He) e o índice de endogamia (f), bem como a análise de variância molecular das plantas oriundas dos diferentes locais de coleta. As matrizes da área de cultivo manejada de Rio Novo do Sul apresentaram maiores Ho e He e menor f, indicando maior diversidade. Menores Ho (0,36) e He (0,41) e maior f (0,15) foram observados para as matrizes de Pinheiros, indicando menor diversidade e maior endogamia. A análise da variância entre os locais de coleta das matrizes revelou maior variação genética intrapopulacional que interpopulacional. As matrizes coletadas em populações naturais, Linhares e, especialmente, de Pinheiros, apresentam menor diversidade genética. Na área manejada, os indivíduos apresentaram maior diversidade para as matrizes e suas progênies, indicando potencial para a conservação e uso sustentável do recurso genético nesta área. As matrizes indicadas para cruzamento, com possibilidade de gerar descendentes com maior desempenho morfológico para frutos e alta diversidade foram RNS_154 e RNS_76.

Abstract Euterpe edulis, an endangered palm tree from the Atlantic Forest, has ecological and economic importance through the use of fruit pulp. Identifying genetically divergent matrices in populations is useful for species conservation and breeding. The present study aimed to estimate the genetic diversity of morphologically divergent plants that may be used as stock specimens as well as that of their progeny families, in a managed area and in areas of natural populations of the species in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Twenty-one matrices were evaluated, of which 13 were obtained from areas managed for the sustainable exploitation of fruits (previously evaluated for fruit traits) and eight from natural populations in the state of Espírito Santo. For each matrix, 10 progenies were evaluated, constituting 21 families. From microsatellite marker genotyping, the characterization of the parent plants and their progenies was performed by the observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosities and the inbreeding index (f), as well as the molecular variance analysis of the plants from the different plants. The matrices of the managed area of Rio Novo do Sul presented higher Ho and He, and lower f, indicating greater diversity. Lower Ho (0.36) and He(0.41) and higher f (0.15) were observed for Pinheiros matrices, indicating lower diversity and inbreeding. Analysis of variance between the collection sites of the matrices revealed greater intrapopulation than interpopulation genetic variation. The matrices collected from natural populations, Linhares and, especially, from Pinheiros, present less genetic diversity. In the managed area, the individuals presented greater diversity for the matrices and their progenies, indicating potential for the conservation and sustainable use of the genetic resource in this area. The matrices indicated for breeding, with the possibility of generating descendants with higher morphological performance for fruits and high diversity were RNS_154 and RNS_76.

Abstract Euterpe edulis is an endemic species of the Atlantic Forest that is threatened by the unsustainable exploitation of palm heart. Fruit management is an alternative to overcome this problem, promoting income generation, preserving the trees in forest remnants and motivating the implementation of farms for commercial production. In this study, the genetic diversity and structure of four natural populations of E. edulis were evaluated using microsatellite markers and six morphological fruit traits, analyzed with and without the REML/BLUP method. The longitudinal diameter had the strongest influence on the differentiation of genotypes. The genetic differentiation among populations was low and inbreeding was detected within populations among sites. Molecular and morphological data indicated high genetic diversity in the E. edulis populations. The REML/BLUP analysis increased the accuracy of morphology-based estimates of genetic diversity, thus contributing to improve breeding strategies for fruit quality and genetic conservation by use in E. edulis.

RESUMO Objetivos Identificar o perfil social, hábitos de vida e morbidades referidas, de mulheres detentas; identificar a Qualidade de Vida-QV dessas mulheres e associá-la às variáveis perfil social, hábitos de vida e morbidades referidas. Método Pesquisa transversal, correlacional, de campo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizada com 287 detentas, no período de 15 de outubro a 16 de novembro de 2018. Utilizou-se para avaliar a qualidade de vida o WHOQOL-Bref. Resultados A média dos escores da Qualidade de Vida Geral das detentas foi baixa (46), o domínio com maior média foi o Físico e o menor o Meio Ambiente. As morbidades mais referidas foram dor musculoesquelética (52,9%) e doenças respiratórias (25,4%). Houve associação entre a QV e a avaliação ruim / péssima da saúde, em todos os domínios e das morbidades referidas na maioria deles. Conclusões e Implicações para a prática As morbidades referidas, a avaliação negativa da saúde, alguns hábitos de vida e a estrutura da prisão interferiram na percepção da QV das detentas. Conhecer o perfil social e de saúde das mulheres e as situações vivenciadas no cárcere, pode contribuir para o planejamento de intervenções que possam minimizar os agravos à saúde e o impacto na qualidade de vida dessas mulheres.

ABSTRACT Objectives To identify the social profile, lifestyle habits, and morbidities of women prisoners; to identify their quality of life (QoL) and to associate this with the sociodemographic variables, lifestyle habits, and morbidities reported. Method This cross-sectional, correlational, quantitative field study was conducted with 287 incarcerated women, from October 15 to November 16, 2018. The WHOQOL-Bref was used to assess their quality of life. Results The mean score of the prisoners' Overall Quality of Life was low (46). The Physical domain presented the highest mean and the Environment the lowest. The most commonly reported morbidities were musculoskeletal pain (52.9%) and respiratory diseases (25.4%). There was an association between QoL and the assessment of poor/very poor health in all the domains and the morbidities reported in the majority of them. Conclusions and implications for the practice The morbidities reported the negative assessment of health, some lifestyle habits, and the prison structure interfered with the prisoners' perception of QoL. Identifying the social and health profile of the women and the situations experienced in prison can contribute to the planning of interventions that can minimize health problems and the impact on their quality of life.

RESUMEM Objetivos Identificar el perfil social, los hábitos de vida y las morbilidades referidas de las mujeres reclusas; identificar la Calidad de Vida (QV) de estas mujeres y asociarla con variables sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida y morbilidades referidas. Método Investigación transversal, correlacional, de campo, con un enfoque cuantitativo, realizada con 287 reclusas, en el periodo del 15 de octubre al 16 de noviembre de 2018. El WHOQOL-Bref se utilizó para evaluar la calidad de vida. Resultados Los escores promedios de la calidad general de vida de las reclusas fue baja (46), el dominio con la media más alta fue el Físico y el más bajo el Medio Ambiente. Las morbilidades más referidas fueron dolor musculoesquelético (52,9%) y enfermedades respiratorias (25,4%). Hubo asociación entre la QV y la evaluación mala/pésima de la salud en todos los dominios y morbilidades referidas en la mayoría de ellos. Conclusiones e implicaciones para la práctica Las morbilidades referidas, la evaluación negativa de la salud, algunos hábitos de vida y la estructura de la prisión interfirieron en la percepción de QV de las reclusas. Conocer el perfil social y de salud de las mujeres y las situaciones experimentadas en prisión puede contribuir a la planificación de intervenciones que puedan minimizar los problemas de salud y el impacto en la calidad de vida de estas mujeres.

ABSTRACT Objectives To identify the social profile, lifestyle habits, and morbidities of women prisoners; to identify their quality of life (QoL) and to associate this with the sociodemographic variables, lifestyle habits, and morbidities reported. Method This cross-sectional, correlational, quantitative field study was conducted with 287 incarcerated women, from October 15 to November 16, 2018. The WHOQOL-Bref was used to assess their quality of life. Results The mean score of the prisoners' Overall Quality of Life was low (46). The Physical domain presented the highest mean and the Environment the lowest. The most commonly reported morbidities were musculoskeletal pain (52.9%) and respiratory diseases (25.4%). There was an association between QoL and the assessment of poor/very poor health in all the domains and the morbidities reported in the majority of them. Conclusions and implications for the practice The morbidities reported the negative assessment of health, some lifestyle habits, and the prison structure interfered with the prisoners' perception of QoL. Identifying the social and health profile of the women and the situations experienced in prison can contribute to the planning of interventions that can minimize health problems and the impact on their quality of life.

RESUMEM Objetivos Identificar el perfil social, los hábitos de vida y las morbilidades referidas de las mujeres reclusas; identificar la Calidad de Vida (QV) de estas mujeres y asociarla con variables sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida y morbilidades referidas. Método Investigación transversal, correlacional, de campo, con un enfoque cuantitativo, realizada con 287 reclusas, en el periodo del 15 de octubre al 16 de noviembre de 2018. El WHOQOL-Bref se utilizó para evaluar la calidad de vida. Resultados Los escores promedios de la calidad general de vida de las reclusas fue baja (46), el dominio con la media más alta fue el Físico y el más bajo el Medio Ambiente. Las morbilidades más referidas fueron dolor musculoesquelético (52,9%) y enfermedades respiratorias (25,4%). Hubo asociación entre la QV y la evaluación mala/pésima de la salud en todos los dominios y morbilidades referidas en la mayoría de ellos. Conclusiones e implicaciones para la práctica Las morbilidades referidas, la evaluación negativa de la salud, algunos hábitos de vida y la estructura de la prisión interfirieron en la percepción de QV de las reclusas. Conocer el perfil social y de salud de las mujeres y las situaciones experimentadas en prisión puede contribuir a la planificación de intervenciones que puedan minimizar los problemas de salud y el impacto en la calidad de vida de estas mujeres.

RESUMO Objetivos Identificar o perfil social, hábitos de vida e morbidades referidas, de mulheres detentas; identificar a Qualidade de Vida-QV dessas mulheres e associá-la às variáveis perfil social, hábitos de vida e morbidades referidas. Método Pesquisa transversal, correlacional, de campo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizada com 287 detentas, no período de 15 de outubro a 16 de novembro de 2018. Utilizou-se para avaliar a qualidade de vida o WHOQOL-Bref. Resultados A média dos escores da Qualidade de Vida Geral das detentas foi baixa (46), o domínio com maior média foi o Físico e o menor o Meio Ambiente. As morbidades mais referidas foram dor musculoesquelética (52,9%) e doenças respiratórias (25,4%). Houve associação entre a QV e a avaliação ruim / péssima da saúde, em todos os domínios e das morbidades referidas na maioria deles. Conclusões e Implicações para a prática As morbidades referidas, a avaliação negativa da saúde, alguns hábitos de vida e a estrutura da prisão interferiram na percepção da QV das detentas. Conhecer o perfil social e de saúde das mulheres e as situações vivenciadas no cárcere, pode contribuir para o planejamento de intervenções que possam minimizar os agravos à saúde e o impacto na qualidade de vida dessas mulheres.

ABSTRACT. The palm tree juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart) is considered one of the most important and threatened native species in the Atlantic Forest. The search for juçara seeds (Euterpe edulis Martius) has increased, generating a need for technologies favorable to their production, quality and conservation. The aim of this study was to describe the seed germination patterns of 45 juçara accessions by using a nonlinear model to examine the behavior of these patterns and select superior genotypes. After clustering 45 juçara accessions into four groups, four nonlinear models, namely, the logistic, Gompertz, von Bertalanffy and Weibull models, were tested based on their fit for each group of accessions. The Gompertz model presented the best fit to describe the germination growth curve of E. edulis seeds. Groups 3 and 4 presented the highest daily germination rates and were considered the most vigorous. Analysis of deviance was performed, revealing genetic variability among the genotypes in terms of seed germination and vigor. It was possible to find a nonlinear model that best explained our data, and this model may also be a promising model for other palm tree species. It is possible to select genotypes based on the characters we analyzed, due to the elevated genetic variability.

Resumo Euterpe edulis (palmiteiro-juçara) é uma arbórea de porte alto que ocorre naturalmente em florestas da Mata Atlântica e Cerrado. Por estas características é difícil coletar folhas jovens, sadias e frescas para obtenção de DNA genômico de boa qualidade para a espécie, necessárias para estudos de biologia molecular. Visando facilitar coletas a campo de material biológico, neste estudo foi proposto o isolamento de DNA a partir de tecidos vegetais do córtex. Foi comparado o DNA genômico obtido a partir de dois tipos de tecido vegetal, sendo estes, folhas jovens oriundas de mudas e do córtex de plantas adultas. A integridade do DNA obtido foi confirmada por eletroforese, revelando DNA genômico com pouca degradação e a qualidade da purificação foi verificada pelos critérios de razões de absorbâncias de 260/280 nm e 260/230 nm, apresentando padrão similar nos dois tipos de tecidos avaliados. As concentrações de DNA em folha variaram de 81,9 a 310,1 ng/μL, e no córtex, de 105,2 a 404,8 ng/μL. A confirmação da qualidade do DNA obtido foi determinada por amplificação de microssatélites nos quais os produtos apresentaram bandas definidas para os dois materiais vegetais. Assim, o DNA genômico isolado a partir do córtex de Euterpe edulis constitui um tecido vegetal adicional para obtenção de DNA genômico de igual qualidade, quantidade e integridade que o obtido de folhas, com a vantagem da coleta ser facilitada a campo.

Abstract Euterpe edulis is an arboreal species of high size that occurs naturally in the Atlantic Forest and in ‘Cerrado’ forests. For these characteristics, it is difficult to collect young, healthy and fresh leaves to obtain the genomic DNA of sufficient quality for the species, required for molecular biology studies. To facilitate the collection of biological material field, this study proposed the isolation from plant tissue in the cortex. Isolation and analyzes were carried out compared with the DNA obtained from young leaves coming from plants and tissue of the cortex of adult plants. The integrity of the DNA obtained was confirmed by electrophoresis, revealing the genomic DNA degradation and the low quality of the purification was checked by absorbance ratios criteria 260/280 nm and 260/230 nm, with a similar pattern in both types of tissues evaluated. DNA concentrations ranged from 81.9 to 310.1 ng/µl and cortex, from 105.2 to 404.8 ng/µl. The confirmation of the quality of the DNA obtained was determined by microsatellite amplification, where the products showed bands defined for both plant materials. Thus, the genomic DNA isolated from the cortex of Euterpe edulis, constitutes an additional plant tissue to obtain a genomic DNA of equal quality, quantity and integrity of the obtained sheets with the advantage of the collecting being facilitated in the field.

ABSTRACT DNA fingerprinting based on SSR amplification profiles was applied to native species of Piper from the Atlantic Forest to compare the utility of this type of molecular marker with the morphological characters traditionally applied in Piper taxonomy and identification. Fifty-one SSR markers developed for four species of Piper native to Asia and Mesoamerica were applied to 16 species, together with 63 morphological characters, for species characterization. Molecular and morphological data were analysed by cluster analysis, followed by a cluster sharpness test and the construction of a heat map to visualize the association of characters with species groups. A multivariate regression tree determined the number of loci needed for species identification. Forty-five primers were transferable to at least four species. Molecular data were more efficient in detecting sharp groups than morphological data. Species groups delimited by a set of shared morphological characters were differentiated based on molecular data. The sixteen studied species could be separated by nine primers, demonstrating the cross-species transferability of SSR markers and the usefulness of DNA fingerprinting for both the delimitation and the identification of species of Piper.

ABSTRACT Although a species’ sexual system may influence the genetic diversity of its populations in their natural environment, there have been few such studies involving indigenous species of the Atlantic Forest. Here we study Myrsine coriacea, a dioecious tree widely used in reforestation programs despite a lack of information about its natural interpopulation genetic variation. To address this knowledge gap, intra- and interpopulation genetic diversity were measured for male and female individuals of ten natural populations using ISSR markers. Greater intrapopulation genetic diversity indicated interpopulation gene flow, regardless of isolation and distance between populations. Multivariate analyses detected significant differences in genetic diversity between populations, but not between males and females, which indicates that genetic diversity did not differ between the two sex morphs. Distance between populations was unrelated to genetic diversity. Myrsine coriacea has not experienced a loss of genetic variability despite the characteristic segregated spatial distribution of its populations. These results suggest that obligatory cross-pollination and dispersal by birds may be important mechanisms for the maintenance of genetic diversity in natural populations of M. coriacea.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar fatores preditores de mortalidade em pacientes da UTI coinfectados por tuberculose (TB)/HIV em Manaus (AM). Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de coorte com pacientes coinfectados por TB/HIV, com mais de 18 anos de idade e admitidos na UTI entre janeiro de 2011 e dezembro de 2014. Foram avaliadas variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e laboratoriais. Para identificar fatores preditores de mortalidade, foi empregado um modelo de riscos proporcionais de Cox. Resultados: Durante o período estudado, 120 pacientes com coinfecção por TB/HIV foram admitidos na UTI. A média de idade foi de 37,0 ± 11,7 anos. Dos 120 pacientes avaliados, 94 (78,3%) morreram; dos 94 óbitos, 62 (66,0%) ocorreram na primeira semana após a admissão. Havia dados sobre ventilação mecânica invasiva (VMI) e SARA referentes a 86 e 67 pacientes, respectivamente. Dos 86, 75 (87,2%) foram submetidos a VMI, e, dos 67, 48 (71,6%) apresentaram SARA. Os fatores que se relacionaram independentemente com a mortalidade foram VMI (p = 0,002), hipoalbuminemia (p = 0,013) e contagem de CD4 < 200 células/mm3 (p = 0,002). Conclusões: Elevada mortalidade precoce foi observada em pacientes com coinfecção por TB/HIV admitidos na UTI. Os fatores preditores de mortalidade nessa população foram VMI, hipoalbuminemia e imunodepressão grave.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify factors predictive of mortality in patients admitted to the ICU with tuberculosis (TB)/HIV coinfection in the Manaus, Amazon Region. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of TB/HIV coinfected patients over 18 years of age who were admitted to an ICU in the city of Manaus, Brazil, between January of 2011 and December of 2014. Sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory variables were assessed. To identify factors predictive of mortality, we employed a Cox proportional hazards model. Results: During the study period, 120 patients with TB/HIV coinfection were admitted to the ICU. The mean age was 37.0 ± 11.7 years. Of the 120 patients evaluated, 94 (78.3%) died and 62 (66.0%) of those deaths having occurred within the first week after admission. Data on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and ARDS were available for 86 and 67 patients, respectively Of those 86, 75 (87.2%) underwent IMV, and, of those 67, 48 (71.6%) presented with ARDS. The factors found to be independently associated with mortality were IMV (p = 0.002), hypoalbuminemia (p = 0.013), and CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3 (p = 0.002). Conclusions: A high early mortality rate was observed among TB/HIV coinfected ICU patients. The factors predictive of mortality in this population were IMV, hypoalbuminemia, and severe immunosuppression.